Movement and Home Ranges of Dugongs Around the Lease Islands, East Indonesia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hans H. de  Iongh  Paul  Langeveld Mark  van der Wal 《Marine Ecology》1998,19(3):179-193

Abstract. Four individual dugongs Dugong dugong , MÜLLER, 1776 were tracked with buoyant, tethered. conventional and satellite radio transmitters. The dugongs three adult females and one immature male were encircled with a net at a catch site near Haruku Island, East Indonesia, and tracked for between 41 and 285 days. The animals showed individualistic patterns of movement, moving between 2 and 3 core areas, travelling between 17 and 65 km from the site of capture. One adult female spent most of the time at two distinct inshore seagrass beds separated by about 17 km; she made five trips between the two sites. Two other females made separate trips to two distinct sites, one of them returning to the catch site at Haruku Island. The immature male journeyed between two areas about 65 km apart. completing the journey in four days. The patterns of movement confirmed a practice of regular recropping of restricted grazing swards by small, loose feeding assemblages rather than fixed herds with a strong social bond. Mean home ranges covered 4.1 km² 50% harmonic mean and 43.4 km² 95% harmonic mean.  相似文献   

The total‐to‐selective extinction ratio determined from near IR photometry of OB stars     

W. Wegner 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2003,324(3):219-237

  相似文献   

南京玄武湖隆腺溞(Daphnia carinata)牧食对浮游植物的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张镇  陈非洲  周万平  刘正文 《湖泊科学》2009,21(3):415-419

隆腺溞(Daphnia carinata)是许多湖泊的常见大型浮游动物,习居于富营养的水域中,以浮游植物为食,且滤食效率较高.通过浮游动物添加实验,研究了隆腺潘对南京玄武湖叶绿素和浮游植物群落结构的影响.结果表明,在隆腺涵组,浮游植物密度较对照组降低了83%,叶绿素较对照组下降了81%,氮、磷营养盐与叶绿素的相关性不显著.浮游植物的群落结构较对照组也发生了很大变化,蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻的比例有显著上升,隐藻呈显著下降趋势,金藻、甲藻和裸藻在实验结束时已没有检出.说明隆腺潘的摄食能有效控制浮游植物的生物量,可对浮游植物的群落结构产生显著影响.  相似文献   

不同密度团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)对轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和密刺苦草(Vallisneria denseserrulata)群落结构的影响     

王倩红  刘正文  甄伟  张秀梅  郝征  莫家勇  赵雪枫 《湖泊科学》2019,31(3):862-868

冠层型水草轮叶黑藻在富营养情况下,生长迅速,覆盖水面,对于草甸型水草密刺苦草具有明显的竞争优势.为控制轮叶黑藻的竞争优势,于湖北省鄂州市团头鲂原种场的一个池塘进行了原位围隔（10 m×10 m）实验,研究不同密度（0、0.5和1尾/m²）团头鲂牧食作用对轮叶黑藻和密刺苦草群落结构的影响,并通过无人机数字图像处理获取水草覆盖度信息.实验过程中,沉水植物总覆盖度未发生变化.研究发现,团头鲂选择性牧食使得密刺苦草生物量和覆盖度显著增加.随着牧食强度的加大,团头鲂对轮叶黑藻的控制效果显著,放养密度为1尾/m²的围隔中轮叶黑藻比例降幅最明显.群落中轮叶黑藻与密刺苦草的生物量之比迅速下降,由6.14减少至0.002,覆盖度之比由4.88左右减少至约1.44.图像处理结果与实际采样情况相吻合,且通过误差矩阵得到图像分类平均精度达到90%以上,表明无人机数字图像处理在一定条件下可以作为获取沉水植物覆盖度的一种有效辅助手段.实验结束后,1尾/m²组的围隔中密刺苦草成为优势种,其植株密度、株高、株重和单株叶片数均显著增加,草甸更加密实.实验结果表明,放养1尾/m²密度的团头鲂可以有效控制轮叶黑藻并维持密刺苦草种群优势,结果为团头鲂对湖泊沉水植物群落的控制提供了参考.  相似文献   

大兴安岭东坡新林林区冻土变化特征   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

常晓丽  帖利民  金会军  何瑞霞  李晓英  王永平 《冰川冻土》2020,42(3):823-833

大兴安岭处于欧亚大陆多年冻土带南缘， 其多年冻土形成、 发展和保存更多受制于植被、 水分等局地因子的影响。采用钻探、 探地雷达和冻土温度长期监测等手段研究发现， 放牧活动会影响大兴安岭东坡新林林区活动层厚度， 放牧活动比较强烈的地段， 活动层可达2.5 m， 放牧区边缘至未放牧区域， 活动层缩减至1.5 m。塔头2013年11月2.0 m处的地温仍然在0 ℃以上（0.04 ℃）， 当放牧行为终止及加漠公路改道后， 2.0 m处的温度开始逐渐恢复， 温度由-0.12 ℃降到-0.69 ℃， 1.5 m处的温度则由0.17 ℃降到-0.42 ℃， 2018年底塔头的活动层厚度已经小于1.5 m。从地表植被类型上看， 松树林、 塔头和灌丛的活动层多年平均厚度分别为0.8 m、 1.3 m和0.7 m， 近地表0.5 m处的年平均地温为0.07 ℃、 0.52 ℃和0.22 ℃， 年变化深度处（11 m）的年均温度为-1.34 ℃， -0.98 ℃和-2.19 ℃。从地温曲线类型上看， 灌丛下的多年冻土比较稳定， 地温曲线属于正梯度型。松树林和塔头下的冻土温度比较复杂， 松树林地温曲线为偏负梯度型-零梯度型-偏正梯度型， 塔头为负梯度型-扭曲型。在地表植被类型和人类活动的共同影响下， 研究区多年冻土经历了地表干扰开始退化、 干扰消除不再退化以及慢慢恢复的过程。  相似文献   

Selective grazing by cattle on spatially and seasonally heterogeneous rangeland in Sahel     

A. A. Ayantunde  P. Hiernaux  S. Fernndez-Rivera  H. van Keulen  H. M. J. Udo 《Journal of Arid Environments》1999,42(4):261

The selective use by cattle of range resources in the Sahel was assessed in terms of quantity and nutritional quality of the herbage grazed and diet selected. Peak standing crop was 1951 kg ha⁻¹dry matter (DM) with 47·9 kg nitrogen (N) ha⁻¹and 7·4 kg phosphorus (P) ha⁻¹. Esophageally fistulated cattle diets were consistently (p<0·05) higher in N, P and organic matter digestibility (OMD) than the herbage grazed. Cattle consumed 48% of the mean annual herbage production. The results indicate grazing ruminants select a higher quality diet from Sahelian rangelands than can be predicted on the basis of pasture evaluation alone. Therefore, the foraging behaviour of the animals needs to be considered in the evaluation of Sahelian rangelands for animal production.  相似文献   

Land degradation is not a necessary outcome of communal pastoralism in arid Namibia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

David Ward    Ben T. Ngairorue  Johannes Kathena  Rana Samuels  Yanay Ofran 《Journal of Arid Environments》1998,40(4):357-371

In Otjimbingwe, a region of arid south-central Namibia, human population densities are high and these communal pastoralists own large numbers of livestock. Such situations are commonly perceived to lead to the ‘tragedy of the commons'. This region lends itself to a comparison of the effects of communal and commercial farming (with private land ownership) because the communal area is completely surrounded by commercial farms. In spite of far higher stocking densities on the communal areas and the absence of an overall grazing strategy, we found no evidence of the ‘tragedy of the commons' on Otjimbingwe. Indeed, the communal areas did not differ in a number of soil and vegetation parameters from the commercial farms. These results point both to the resilience of arid environments to high stocking levels and the over-riding influence of abiotic variables on environmental quality.  相似文献   

青藏高原放牧强度空间化方法与应用     

胡晓阳  王兆锋  张镱锂  宫殿清 《地理学报》2022,77(3):547-558

人类活动强度空间化是分析人类活动区域差异及其变化过程的基础,也是准确辨识土地变化驱动因素、合理调控人类活动的科学依据。当前人类活动强度研究多以数理方法对代用指标进行空间化,缺乏对人类活动机理过程的反映,也制约了人类活动强度空间异质性的展现。本文以青藏高原放牧活动为研究对象,在综合放牧喜好和草地管理策略的基础上,从放牧行为机理的角度,提出了区分放牧区与非放牧区的方法;以放牧密度衡量草地整体放牧压力,以放牧概率刻画放牧活动的空间差异,构建了区域放牧强度空间化模型。并以高原典型牧业县—泽库县为例,基于乡镇级牧业数据和自然地理基础信息进行了实证研究。结果表明：空间化结果较好反映了泽库县放牧强度的空间特征;直接指标的选取和客观的赋值方法提高了放牧强度空间化结果的准确性;比现有研究结果更能体现出县域内放牧强度的空间差异,且放牧强度变化过程与同期NDVI值变化具有较好的耦合性。本文为人类活动空间化方法研究提供了有益参考。  相似文献   

Effect of Cu toxicity at different salinity on selective group of juvenile pompano Trachinotus ovatus          下载免费PDF全文

OU You-jun  LI Jia-er  CAI Wen-chao 《热带海洋学报》2014,33(4):26-32

Effects of copper toxicity and salinity shock on selective group of juvenile pompano Trachinotus ovatus were investigated.The fish were exposed to different Cu2+ concentrations of 0(blank),0.02(C1),0.05(C2),0.10(C3),and 0.15 mg·L–1(C4)at a salinity of 10‰ or 40‰ for 96 h,with the salinity of 29‰ as the control.The results showed that the effects of the acute salinity stimulation to survival rates of pompano between control(29‰)and lower or higher salinity for 96 h were not significant(p0.05).However,the survival rates in each treatment were decreased with the increase of Cu2+ concentration.The dominant factor influencing body moisture of the fish was salinity,and there was no sign that body moisture was correlated with exposure to Cu2+.The gill lamellas in high level of Cu2+ concentration(C4 treatments)were abnormal under the salinity of 40‰ and extremely curly under the salinity of 10‰.Hemorrhage in gill was observed in the two C4 treatments.Under transmission electron microscope,pillar cells in gill lamellas appeared deformed and ruptured in some areas of the epithelia in the higher concentration of Cu2+,resulting in the death of the fish due to the destruction of gill tissue,elevation of the arithmetic mean distance from water to blood,the decrease of oxygen diffusion capacity,and other physiological functions.These findings indicate that the pompano might suffer much more pressure when encountered with Cu2+ pollution and low salinity.  相似文献   

海上油气田水质分析新方法     

胡涛  刘杰  张瑞环 《海洋地质译丛》2010,(1):53-57

由于海上油气田目前应用行业标准在现场水质检测时存在缺陷，特别是CO3^2-和HCO3-等离子的特殊易变性，因此开发出一套适合于现场的快速、准确全新水质分析方法具有重要意义。上海采油技术服务公司首次利用CO2等离子选择性电极对海上油田水中易变离子用仪器直接测定，得到了现场验证。该离子进行测定并与传统的酸碱滴定方法进行对比发现，CO2电极法测定与酸碱滴定法测定结果基本一致，且方法更简便，更适合现场测定。  相似文献